Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) refer to a group of symptoms related to the bladder and urethra that can affect both men and women. These symptoms include frequent urination, urgency, weak urine stream, hesitancy, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and nocturia (waking up at night to urinate). LUTS can be caused by a variety of factors, including medical conditions such as urinary tract infections, bladder or prostate problems, neurological disorders, and lifestyle factors such as poor diet and fluid intake. Treatment options for LUTS may include medications, behavioral therapies, and in some cases, surgery.